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Glass Container Technology
Attendees will gain an appreciation for glass as a material and how it can be used to manufacture high quality glass containers and handle them appropriately in a filling line.
Topics to be covered:
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What is glass and how can it be used to manufacture high quality containers?
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General overview of the glass manufacturing processes with attention to those areas that could result in problems.
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What is normally expected of containers in a filling line and during consumer use?
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How bottles behave under applied loads
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How the behavior of bottles is affected by design features
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Glass strength issues
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Glass container testing, (test selection and performance)
This seminar is intended for personnel in the glass container manufacturing and glass packaging industries.
Seminar Duration: One and 1/2 Days
Evaluation of Glass Container Plant Operations
This seminar is for both filling line and glass container manufacturing personnel who are responsible for conducting or preparing for and participating in audits of glass container manufacturing plants. The seminar is designed to instruct personnel on how to conduct a detailed audit of a glass container manufacturing plant, what whoudl be thoroughly reviewed to assure a high level of ongoing quality in all aspects of the manufacturing process, the importance of adherence to policies and procedures for reaction, containment and rejection of faulty material and how the data from the audits can be used to establish a basis from which continuous improvements in the manufacturing process can be monitored and implemented.
Topics to be covered:
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Discussions to provide a detailed understanding of the glass container manufacturing process
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How key segments of the manufacturing process can affect container quality
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Practices for defect detection, correction and prevention
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Implementing an appropriate audit process which measures compliance to standards and those requirements that are necessary to attain high quality levels
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Implementing an audit process to evaluate the quality of the production process and not simply to assure that data are being recorded
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Methods utilized to conduct glass plant audits, from preparation through review procedures, practices, policies, documentation and to determine correct actions
This seminar is intended for personnel in the glass container manufacturing and glass packaging industries
Seminar Duration: Two Days
Testing and Fracture Diagnosis of Glass Bottles
The objective of this seminar is to teach students appropriate fracture diagnosis techniques that are needed to solve glass breakage and other performance related problems.
Topics to be covered are:
- General Principles of Fracture Diagnosis
- Interpretation of Fracture Surface Markings
- Factors Affecting the Strength of Glass
- Identifying Stress Concentrator Types
- Understanding Fracture Patterns
- Several hands-on workshop sessions to provide experience in solving field breakage problems
A brief review of Surface Treatments, Cord and Annealing concepts will be also covered.
This seminar is beneficial for personnel in all aspects of the glass manufacturing and container filling industries.
Seminar Duration: Three and 1/2 Days
Advanced Seminar on Analysis and Diagnosis of Bottle Breakage Problems
The objective of this seminar is to teach students the appropriate fracture diagnosis techniques that are required to solve complex glass breakage and other performance related problems.
Topics to be covered are:
- Quantitative and Comparative Fracture Diagnosis techniques
- Microscopic techniques to identify fracture origins
- Procedural Approaches to Breakage Problems
- Case History Studies of a broad range of breakage problems
- Hands-on workshop sessions to provide experience in solving actual field breakage problems
A brief review of the basic concepts will be also covered, including general principles, surface markings, fracture patterns and stress concentrator types.
This seminar is useful for anyone who desires to learn advanced fracture diagnositic skills.
Seminar Duration: Four Days
EFFECT OF DESIGN ON BOTTLE PERFORMANCE
Participants will learn to choose the appropriate failure criteria for a design evaluation, the key principles necessary to achieve improved bottle performance and the overall effect of design on glass bottle performance.
Topics to be covered:
- The Principles of Design
- The Effect of Loads and Stresses as they relate to Bottle Design Issues
- Glass Surface Strength Criteria and the Selection of Strength Indices
- Design Sensitivities
- Impact Equivalence
- Bottle Design Workshops
The seminar is intended to benefit a range of staff responsibilities, including those with bottle design responsibility, sales and marketing personnel with a need to understand design limitations, manufacturing and quality personnel that would benefit from understanding manufacturing issues as they relate to critical regions of the bottle design, customer service representatives needing an understanding of the expectations for a given design and bottling personnel wanting to understand the performance limitations of a particular bottle design.
Seminar Duration: Two Days
TESTING AND FRACTURE DIAGNOSIS OF PHARMACEUTICAL GLASSWARE
Develops an understanding of the characteristics of glass as a packaging material. The course will introduce participants to techniques for the evaluation of flaw severity as well as how to distinguish between functional and cosmetic defects.
Topics to be covered:
- An understanding of the characteristics of glass as a packaging material
- The fracture analysis skills needed to determine the cause of breakage problems.
- Differences between molded and tubing vials
- The ability to categorize defect types and their sources.
- Techniques to evaluate flaw severity and the distinction between functional and cosmetic defects.
- The loads and stresses glassware must endure during normal conditions of use
This seminar is recommended for QC personnel, supervisors, and customer service personnel who are required to identify defects and who are concerned about their effect on performance; fracture diagnosis skills and an understanding of molded or tubing glassware.
Seminar Duration: Three Days
CORD AND ANNEALING
The objective of this seminar is to provide the participant with the capability to make critical decisions regarding the control of cord and annealing stress. Extensive hands-on workshops will facilitate accurate cord and annealing evaluations and assure effective integration of the information into the manufacturing process.
Topics to be covered are:
- The nature of cord and annealing stresses with particular attention to their effect on ware performance
- The use of polarizing instruments to measure permanent stresses
- Laboratory sessions that provide extensive training and hands-on experience in the proper set up procedures and use of polariscopes, polarimeters and polarizing microscopes
- Cord evaluation training includes the use of the graduated quartz wedge, as well as the Berek tilting and Senarmont rotating compensators. Stresses due to ACL mismatch will also be discussed
Seminar Duration: Three Days
B ATCH AND F URNACE O PERATIONSThis seminar is intended to introduce the participants to the fundamental principles of proper batch and furnace operation in order to obtain acceptable glass quality while limiting the occurrence of problems such as color variation, density, seeds, stones, cord, viscosity, thermal expansion and annealing. Participants will also be exposed to the techniques employed to obtain critical physical property measurements as well as an explanation of how to interpret the generated data.
Topics to be covered:
- Basic principles of glass chemistry
- Proper principles of batch and furnace operation
- Basic principles of glass quality tests
- Using data from quality control tests to detect and correct problems in batch and furnace operation
Seminar Duration: Four Days
ADVANCED BATCH AND FURNACE OPERATIONS
Designed for production and staff actively involved with batch and furnace operations seeking to understand the technical basis of fundamental glass production. Completion of AGR's basic Batch and Furnace course or two years experience in the Batch and Furnace area are recommended for attendees. Current trends and best practices will be identified and discussed in an informal, interactive class environment.
Topics to be covered:
- Raw Material Selection and Quality Monitoring
- Example calculations used by glass technologists and furnace engineers
- Introduce "First Principles" of glass formation process
- Refractory property selection and application issues
- Optimizing furnace operations and melting requirements
- Glass property and quality measurements for troubleshooting
- Industry trends
- Oxy-Fuel glass melting issues
- Addressing compliance with current air emission regulations
Seminar Duration: Four Days
COATING TECHNOLOGY
This seminar provides a complete explanation of the role of surface coatings in the maintenance of glass surface strength, their application in both the hot end and the cold end as well as solutions to the problems associated with the use of coatings. In addition, the participant will be instructed in desired coating thickness levels and the techniques required to measure these thickness.
Topics to be covered include:
- Solutions to coating problems such as: label adhesion, closure rusting, high removal torques of closures, product foaming, poor performance and scuffing
- The necessity of surface treatments in the maintenance of surface strength of non-refillable bottles
- The role of surface treatments in future lightweighting efforts
- The pros and cons of various types of hot end and cold end coatings
- Deposition parameters and thickness requirements for optimum performance
- Measurement techniques to assure the application of adequate coating levels
- Current issues
Seminar Duration: Two Days
ANALYSIS OF STONES
This seminar focuses on the definition of stones and how they can be quickly and accurately analyzed. The various analytical techniques will be presented and studied with hands-on samples. Examples of stones will be presented and discussed along with the steps that must be taken to correct the problem.
Topics to be covered will include:
- Background information will be presented to understand the general concepts of batching and melting operations. This information is then used to identify the potential sources of stones.
- The classification of stones as either being primary or secondary will be discussed.
- Analytical techniques involving physical, crystalline, and compositional characteristics will be presented. Participants will be given the opportunity to determine these characteristics with sample stones in laboratory sessions.
- A wide variety of stones will be presented along with the various identifying characteristics of each stone. The appropriate reactions to correct the stone problem will also be discussed.
This seminar is designed for those personnel who are responsible for identifying the composition and source of stones. The seminar would also be of interest to those responsible for batch and furnace operations.
Seminar Duration: Two and 1/2 Days
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